腹壁可紧贴肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他肿瘤.. Urachal Cyst 叉尿管发炎A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )叉尿管发炎见于叉和膀胱间，不一定位西北侧叉尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于极少位西北侧叉下。这些发炎可展示出为完全无；也或偏高；也。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 示意图11A，叉尿管发炎，此发炎已受染病，内部带有微弱；也的黏稠。B，叉尿管发炎，紧绷的发炎前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis睾丸腹腔异位Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).腹腔睾丸腹腔异位是睾丸动手术后的长期合并症，无特殊展示出，但可于以前动手术的瘢痕西北侧见一连续性肿物，并有连续功能性的疼痛和发炎。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 示意图12 ，剖宫产伤疤西北侧睾丸腹腔异位

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 腹腔血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可时有发生复发功能性咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫复发后，其根本原因不一定是抗凝治疗或出血功能性结核病。由于血肿放宽于腹直肌鞘内，不一定不极大，其菱形根据所西北侧左边而定，在基底支线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下方向，可于一侧见过（示意图13A）；在基底支线以下，由于腹色带缺如，可扩展横过中支线，因此血肿展示出为分叶状，其最大长度位西北侧垂直轴上。在早产儿腹腔血肿可见于叉上侧边扩展（示意图13B、C）。术后不规则功能性血管内免疫的病人可于腹腔动手术瘢痕附近见过大的血肿（示意图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 示意图13A，一中年妇女不稳定的咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腹横筋膜。B，早产儿腹腔血肿。C，一早产儿叉腹膜附着西北侧上面的腹腔血肿。UV，叉腹膜。D，一不规则功能性血管内免疫的剖宫产术后病人疤痕西北侧腹腔血肿。

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